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38.  The history of the Holiness movement

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38.  The history of the Holiness movement

Titus 2:11  For the grace of God that bringeth salvation hath appeared to all men, 

Titus 2:12  Teaching us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world; 

Tit 2:13  Looking for that blessed hope, and the glorious appearing of the great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ; 

Tit 2:14  Who gave himself for us, that he might redeem us from all iniquity, and purify unto himself a peculiar people, zealous of good works. 

The holiness movement can be defined as a group of sincere Christians who emphasize that God can forgive sinful humans and purify their hearts by the Holy Spirit and can help them to live holy and righteous lives in this present world  Luke 1:75,  I Peter 1:15-16

The holiness movement is part of the Protestant church, which traces its history back to Martin Luther in the 1500s. Martin Luther, John Knox, John Calvin, John Huss, John Wycliffe and many others emphasized the authority of God's Word and salvation by faith.

Main emphasis of holiness movement

•        Salvation FROM sin Matthew 1:21  (daily victory over sin is possible)

•        A second work of grace – sanctification/the baptism of the Holy Spirit  Acts 19:2

•        Careful holy living – Abstaining from the very appearance of evil  I Thessalonians 5:22

•   Freedom in worship – fervent prayer, whole-hearted singing, shouting praises to God

•        Separation from the “world” - Romans 12:2, II Corinthians 6:17

•        Outward expression of an inward change – Modest dress standards, hairstyles etc. I Tim 2:9

•   The holiness movement is Ariminian in theology (free will, conditional salvation, possibility of losing salvation)

This is not a complete list but here are some of the denominations/movements that were started to promote the message of entire sanctification.

(1650s)  Quakers / George Fox - Emphasized simple holy living and sanctification or purification of the heart by the Spirit

(1740s)  Methodists/ John Wesley  - Started a movement within the Anglican church that emphasized entire sanctification, holy living, and a less formal worship style. The Methodist denomination was officially chartered in the 1780s. John Wesley is considered the father of the holiness movement. For over a hundred years the Methodist church was a wonderful vessel to proclaim full-salvation to the world.

(1770s)  Brethren in Christ – These Christians were deeply impacted by the Great Awakening and emphasized holy simple living. They met in house churches for 100 years and later built simple meetinghouse with an unelevated pulpit surrounded on three sides by pews. They kept themselves very separate from the world.

(1780s - 1900)  Camp meeting Era in America -

This was not a denomination but a interdenominational phenomenon. No other method has been so powerfully used to propagate the message of full salvation as the old-fashioned camp meeting.

The earliest camp meetings started in Kentucky in the late 1700s and were very simple. Brush was cleared and used as a “brush arbor” to protect the audience from the elements. The preacher preached from a simple log pulpit. The listeners sat on backless log benches.  What would you find at an old-fashioned camp meeting? Anointed preaching, passionate altar calls, fervent praying and spontaneous testimonies from the thousands who were saved and sanctified in these meetings.

These camps were well attended by Christians from every denomination. Hundreds of camps were in progress each summer and hundreds of thousands of people attended.

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(1860) Free Methodist Church/Benjamin Roberts – Was titled “Free Methodist” because it abolished pew rent, desired slaves to be freed and gave women freedom to worship and minister. Strongly evangelical and emphasized personal holiness and the experience of sanctification.

(1865)  Salvation Army/ William & Catherine Booth -  William Booth was a evangelist in the Methodist church but saw the great need of the people in the London slums and did their best to provide “soup, soap and salvation” to the masses. They believed in holiness of heart and life and were involved in all kinds of evangelism such as street evangelism and revival services.

(1883)  Church of God Holiness/ Kansas City College

(1897)  Pilgrim Holiness Church/ Martin Wells Knapp &  Seth Rees

Started God's Bible School.

(1908)   Church of the Nazarene /  Phineas Bresee  - Started as a result of Methodism losing the  practice and preaching of second blessing holiness. Many independent holiness churches and associations united to form the Church of the Nazarene  The Nazarene church was a powerhouse of evangelism and revival fire. The new church experienced incredible growth...going from 228 churches and 10,414 members in 1908 to 3350 churches and 210,000 members in 1948.

     As America entered the “Roaring Twenties” there was a noticeable decline in morals and religion.

     In 1927 the first talking film was shown. Gangster films became popular during this time and violence and immorality were unleashed on the public through the big screen. The “flappers” era introduced shorter skirts, 'bobbed hair” and women who smoked and drank right along with the men. All of this had an effect on the larger holiness denominations and most of them began to let up their “old-fashioned” holiness standards of dress and conduct in the 193os and 40s.

     In response to the inroads worldliness was making in these larger denominations,

a new group of smaller old-fashioned holiness movements sprung up.

     All conservative holiness churches cannot be listed but here are some of the major denominations/associations.

(1952)  Interchurch Holiness Convention / H.E.Schmul & H. Rob French -  A loose connection of independent holiness churches and smaller holiness denominations. They hold annual conventions which may have around 4000 in attendance.

(1935)   God's Missionary Church / William Straub & Daniel Dubendorf – about 50 congregations.  Connected to Pennview Bible College.

(1890, 1945) Bible Holiness Church  - 45 churches, 1700 members

(1955)  Bible Missionary Church /Glenn Griffith – 166 congregations in US, 18,000 attendees         worldwide. Connected to Bible Missionary Institute (Rock Island, IL)

(1968)  Bible Methodist Connection -   72 churches in the US and approx 100 overseas.

(1968)  Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist Connection / Allegheny Wesleyan College (Salem, Ohio)   Over 100 churches in the US plus missions works in Haiti, Ghana and Peru.

It is hard to calculate how many denominations/churches there are in the “old-fashioned holiness movement” because some denominations do not have much of an online presence.

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             History of the Holiness Movement in Japan

(1890)  Barclay Buxton  was an independent holiness missionary associated with the Church Missionary Society (CMS) who first came out to Japan in 1890. He is best-known for creating the Matsue Christian Band in Shimane Prefecture and forming in 1903, at the Keswick Convention, the Japan Evangelistic Band (JEB, Nihon Dendôtai), an evangelistic missionary organization, with his colleague, Paget Wilkes (1871–1934).

 Japan Holiness Church Pastors in 1932

The Japanese Holiness Church now has 150 churches in Japan.

The Nazarene church in Japan -   In 1905 Miss Lulu Williams and Miss Lillian Poole were sent out by the Holiness Church of Christ (which united with the Nazarenes in 1908) These missionaries labored with OMS in Tokyo and Kyoto. Three Japanese pastors stand out in the establishment of the Nazarene work in Japan.

     Rev. J. I. Nagamatsu – He was educated in the Nazarene college in Pasedena, CA and helped in Kyoto and then in 1913 he started a church in Fukuchiyama.

    Rev. N. Isayama – He was converted in the Japanese mission in Los Angeles under the ministry of Mrs. Staples and worked closely with Nazarene missionaries Rev, and Mrs. W. A. Eckel in Kyoto. In 1918 the Eckels and Rev. Isayama went to Kure, Hiroshima to start a church there.

     Rev. Hiroshi Katagawa – A convert of the Staples and a graduate of Pasedena College, he returned to his hometown in Kumamoto and only 4 months later Dist. Supt. Humphrey organized the first Nazarene church in Japan with 18 members. Out of this number 4 men felt called to preach the Gospel and a Bible college was started in a rented facility.